Learning C language part 2 Basics of C

Welcome to the second part of this Series of C language. In this series, we will start with the basic of C language.

Previous post

Environment Setup

Text Editor

Install any of the text editor available in the market, suggestion consist of the Sublime Text Editor, notepad++ etc.

I have been using Sublime Text Editor.

Compiler

Install the compiler if you have not previously then check out this post.

Installing C/C++ (GCC) compiler On Windows

Basics of C

Before starting anything lets take a look at the minimum code required to run a C program.

Now we are going to do the Most famous ritual of the programming, Program of Hello World.

#include <stdio.h>

int main(int argc, char const *argv[])
{
 printf("Hello World!\n");
 return 0;
}

save this program as the hello.c
this will give output as like

Comments in C

comment is of two types in C.

first

// this is single line comment in c 

Second,

/* this is multiline comment in
c language  */

Semicolons in C

A semicolon terminates the statement. you can see the example program from the hello world.

Keywords in C 

1. auto
2. else
3. long
4. switch
5. break
6. enum
7. register
8. typedef
9. case
10. extern
11. return
12. union
13. char
14. float
15. short
16. unsigned
17. const
18. for
19. signed
20. void
21. continue
22. goto
23. sizeof
24. volatile
25. default
26. if
27. static
28. while
29. do
30. int
31. struct
32. _Packed
33. double

Identifiers in C

A C identifier is a name used to identify variables, functions or any other user-defined item. A variable name cannot be started from a number. An identifier starts from A to Z, a, z, or an underscore '_' followed by zero or more letters, underscores, and digits (0 to 9).

C language is case-sensitive programming and does not allow the special character like the @,$,%,# etc.

WhiteSpace in C

a line is only with the whitespace is considered as the blank line and compiler totally ignores this line.

int money;

there must be at least one whitespace character (usually space) between int and variable name (money) for the compiler to be able to distinguish them. On the other hand, in the following statement.

money = original + interest; // this gets the total money

no whitespace characters are necessary between money and =, or between = and original, although you are free to include some if you wish to increase readability.

That's it for this tutorial.

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Next Part (part 3)